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Open-source archive format with high compression ratio using LZMA and LZMA2 algorithms. Strong AES-256 encryption support.

Lossy audio compression standard designed as successor to MP3. Better sound quality at the same bitrate. Default format for iTunes, YouTube, and Nintendo Switch.

Modern Microsoft Access database format. Supports complex data types, attachments, and integration with SharePoint.

Native vector file format for Adobe Illustrator. Contains single-page vector designs and can be opened directly in Illustrator or converted to other formats.

Package format for Android applications. Compressed ZIP archive containing DEX bytecode (compiled Java/Kotlin), resources, and manifest.

macOS application package. Despite appearing as a single file, it is actually a directory (bundle) containing the executable, resources, and metadata.

Legacy video container format developed by Microsoft (1992). Stores video and audio data in standard RIFF chunks. Large file sizes compared to modern formats.

Next-generation image format based on AV1 video compression. Offers up to 50% better compression than JPEG with support for HDR and wide color gamut.

Bitmap image format - an uncompressed raster graphics format native to Microsoft Windows. Stores pixel data without compression, resulting in large file sizes.

Open-source compression format using the Burrows-Wheeler transform algorithm. Offers higher compression ratios than gzip at the cost of speed.

Binary or Base64-encoded X.509 certificate. Used by web servers to establish trusted SSL/TLS connections. Contains public key and identity information.

Style sheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML documents. Controls layout, colors, fonts, and responsive design of web pages.

Simple file format for storing tabular data where each line represents a row and commas separate columns. Universally supported by spreadsheet and database applications.

Generic extension for database files. Can refer to various database formats including SQLite, Windows Thumbnail Cache, or custom application databases.

Legacy database format popular in the 1980s-90s. Simple tabular data format still used in GIS systems (shapefiles) and legacy business applications.

Container format for DirectX textures, developed by Microsoft. Supports various compression formats including BC1-BC7. Used extensively in game development.

Standard package format for Debian-based Linux distributions (Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint). Contains compiled software and metadata for the APT package manager.

Microsoft Windows shared library containing code and data that can be used by multiple programs simultaneously. Essential for Windows application architecture.

Disk image format used by macOS for distributing software. Compressed and optionally encrypted, it appears as a mounted volume when opened.

Legacy word processing format used by Microsoft Word (97-2003). Uses OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) container format for structured document storage.

Modern word processing format used by Microsoft Word (2007+). Based on XML and ZIP compression - smaller and more robust than legacy .doc format.

Native file format for AutoCAD, the industry-standard CAD software. Stores 2D and 3D design data, metadata, and database information.

Open CAD data format developed by Autodesk for interoperability between CAD programs. Supports both ASCII and binary representations of 2D/3D designs.

Vector image format based on PostScript, used in print production and desktop publishing. Can contain both vector and raster elements.

Portable Executable (PE) format for Windows applications. Contains compiled machine code, resources, and metadata required by Windows to run the program.

High-dynamic-range (HDR) image format developed by Industrial Light & Magic for visual effects. Supports 16-bit and 32-bit floating-point pixels, multiple compression modes.

Proprietary 3D interchange format from Autodesk. Supports animation, skinning, morph targets, and complex scene graphs. Industry standard for game development.

Open-source lossless audio compression format. Reduces file size by about 50-60% compared to WAV while preserving all original audio data.

Container format used by Adobe Flash Player for delivering video over the internet. Format now deprecated as Flash has been discontinued.

Bitmap image format supporting up to 256 colors and simple animations. Popular for short animated clips and memes on the web.

Binary version of the GL Transmission Format (glTF) - the standard 3D asset format for the web. Bundles geometry, textures, and animations into a single file.

File compression format using the DEFLATE algorithm. Most commonly used with .tar files (.tar.gz) and for compressing individual files on Unix systems.

High-dynamic-range image format using RGBE encoding. Stores real-world lighting information for use in 3D rendering and environment maps.

High Efficiency Image Container - Apple's preferred image format based on HEVC (H.265) compression. Stores images at roughly half the size of JPEG with better quality.

Standard language for creating web pages and web applications. Describes the structure of content using tags and attributes rendered by web browsers.

Icon file format used by Microsoft Windows for application icons, shortcuts, and favicons. Can store multiple sizes and color depths in a single file.

Archive file format of an optical disc (CD/DVD/Blu-ray). Contains the complete file system of the disc, making it useful for software distribution and backup.

General-purpose programming language designed for platform independence via the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Used for enterprise applications, Android apps, and web services.

Joint Photographic Experts Group - identical to JPG format with a longer file extension. Used interchangeably with .jpg on most platforms.

Joint Photographic Experts Group - the most widely used lossy image format for photographs and web graphics. Supports millions of colors with adjustable compression.

High-level programming language primarily used for web development. Runs in browsers for interactive web pages and on servers via Node.js.

Lightweight data interchange format based on JavaScript object syntax. Human-readable and widely used for API responses, configuration files, and data storage.

Generic file extension for private cryptographic keys. May contain RSA, ECDSA, or other algorithm keys encoded in PEM or DER format.

Audio-only container format based on MPEG-4 Part 14. Commonly used for Apple AAC-encoded audio files purchased from iTunes or created with QuickTime.

Legacy Microsoft Access database format (97-2003). Uses JET Database Engine or ACE for storing relational data, queries, forms, and reports.

Open-source, standards-based multimedia container format. Supports unlimited tracks of video, audio, subtitles, and attachments in a single file.

Multimedia container format developed by Apple. Widely used in professional video production and post-production workflows.

Most popular lossy audio compression format. Dramatically reduces file size while maintaining near-CD quality. Universal compatibility across all devices.

Most widely used digital multimedia container format. Supports video (H.264/H.265), audio (AAC/MP3), and subtitles in a single file.

Microsoft Windows installer package format. Contains all files and configuration data needed to install a software application using the Windows Installer service.

Geometry definition file format for 3D graphics. Stores vertex positions, texture coordinates, normals, and face definitions in human-readable text.

Open standard word processing format used by LibreOffice, OpenOffice, and other open-source office suites. ISO-standardized alternative to Microsoft Word formats.

Open-source audio container format using Vorbis compression. Free of patents, commonly used in open-source games and applications.

Extension of the TrueType format co-developed by Microsoft and Adobe. Supports advanced typographic features like ligatures, alternates, and swashes.

Virtual appliance package format (TAR archive) containing OVF descriptor, virtual disk files, and manifest. Used to distribute pre-configured virtual machines.

Microsoft/Adobe format for storing private keys, certificates, and certificate chains in a single encrypted file. Commonly used for code signing and client authentication.

Universal document format developed by Adobe for reliable document exchange. Preserves fonts, formatting, and layout across all platforms.

Base64-encoded format for storing X.509 certificates, certificate chains, and private keys. Widely used in SSL/TLS configuration on web servers.

Lossless image format with support for transparency (alpha channel). Developed as a patent-free replacement for GIF. Widely used for web graphics, icons, and screenshots.

Legacy presentation format used by Microsoft PowerPoint (97-2003). OLE container format for storing slides, animations, and embedded media.

Modern presentation format used by Microsoft PowerPoint (2007+). ZIP-compressed XML format supporting rich media, transitions, and advanced animations.

Native file format for Adobe Photoshop. Supports layers, masks, channels, paths, and various imaging features used in professional graphic design.

High-level, general-purpose programming language known for its readability and extensive standard library. Used in web development, data science, AI, and automation.

Proprietary archive format by Eugene Roshal offering strong compression and advanced features like recovery records and multi-volume archives.

Generic RAW image format - uncompressed pixel data straight from a camera sensor. Each camera manufacturer has its own RAW variant (CR2, NEF, ARW, etc.).

Package format for Red Hat-based Linux distributions (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL). Contains compiled software and metadata for the RPM/YUM/DNF package managers.

Cross-platform document format developed by Microsoft for exchanging formatted text between applications. Supports basic formatting like bold, italic, fonts, and colors.

Self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration relational database engine. The most widely deployed database engine in the world (every smartphone uses it).

File format for 3D printing and computer-aided design. Describes surface geometry using triangular facets without color or texture.

XML-based vector image format for defining two-dimensional graphics. Supports interactivity and animation. Resolution-independent and editable in any text editor.

Unix-based archive format that bundles multiple files into a single file without compression. Typically used with gzip (.tar.gz or .tgz) or bzip2 compression.

Raster graphics format originally created for Truevision video boards. Supports up to 32-bit color with alpha channel. Common in game development and 3D rendering.

Short form of TIFF (Tagged Image File Format). Functionally identical to .tiff format.

Tagged Image File Format - a flexible raster format supporting multiple pages, layers, and compression methods. Widely used in professional photography and publishing.

Typed superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft that compiles to plain JavaScript. Adds static type checking, interfaces, and modern ECMAScript features.

Outline font standard developed by Apple and Microsoft. Widely used for screen and print fonts. Contains both the font outline data and rasterization instructions.

Virtual hard disk format developed by Microsoft for Windows virtualization (Hyper-V). Stores the contents of a virtual machine's hard drive.

Virtual disk format used by VMware virtualization products. Stores the contents of a virtual machine's hard drive.

Standard audio format for Windows developed by Microsoft and IBM. Stores raw waveform data (LPCM) for uncompressed, high-fidelity audio.

Open, royalty-free media container format designed for the web. Uses VP8/VP9 video and Vorbis/Opus audio codecs.

Modern image format developed by Google providing both lossy and lossless compression. Typically 25-35% smaller than JPEG with equivalent quality.

Proprietary audio format developed by Microsoft. Offers lossy and lossless variants with digital rights management (DRM) support.

Proprietary video format developed by Microsoft for the Windows Media framework. Supports DRM and is commonly used in legacy Windows applications.

Font format designed specifically for web use, compressed version of TrueType/OpenType with added metadata. Supports optional encryption.

Improved version of WOFF with up to 30% better compression using the Brotli algorithm. Current recommended format for web fonts.

Legacy spreadsheet format used by Microsoft Excel (97-2003). Uses OLE container format for storing worksheet data, formulas, and charts.

Modern spreadsheet format used by Microsoft Excel (2007+). ZIP-compressed XML format supporting large datasets, pivot tables, and advanced formatting.

Markup language designed for storing and transporting structured data. Used extensively in web services, configuration files, and document formats.

Compression format based on LZMA2 algorithm. Achieves very high compression ratios, often surpassing gzip and bzip2. Used in Linux package distribution.

Ubiquitous compression and archival format supporting lossless compression. Can store multiple files and folders in a single archive, optionally encrypted.